One of the most important environmental factors affecting the gut microbiota is diet.
The intestinal mucosa has the ability to absorb water and nutrients from food into the bloodstream. However, in cases of intestinal permeability, toxins and undigested food particles pass from the intestine into the blood. These substances that reach the bloodstream trigger an inflammatory response that can lead to various diseases, negatively affecting the nervous and immune systems. Molecules that reach the brain through the blood can contribute to behaviors associated with autism.

Additionally, diet causes changes in the type and quantity of bacteria in the gut microbiota. While short-term dietary changes have an impact, long-term dietary habits are more influential in shaping the composition of gut microbiota. The classification of enterotypes among gut bacteria provides insight into an individual’s current diet composition.

By evaluating the gut microbiome of individuals with autism—considering factors such as permeability status, bacterial and yeast balance, and digestive enzyme levels—necessary dietary interventions are implemented to support a healthy microbiome, and personalized nutrition plans are created.