The etiology of autism includes genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, along with immune system dysfunctions. Among the major environmental risk factors for autism, nutrition plays a significant role.

Prenatal (before pregnancy), maternal (during pregnancy), and postnatal (after birth) nutritional deficiencies—such as poor maternal dietary habits and vitamin or mineral deficiencies—can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. These factors can impact neurodevelopment and lead to long-term changes in brain physiology.

In particular, a Western-style diet high in fats and simple carbohydrates, as well as maternal obesity, has been linked to neuroinflammation associated with autism. Recent studies also suggest that a father’s poor dietary habits and obesity before conception may be associated with the emergence of autism-related behaviors in children. While definitive conclusions have yet to be drawn, it is important to recognize the role of healthy nutrition in sperm quality and overall reproductive health.

Given these findings, a balanced and nutrient-rich diet for both parents may be associated with a reduced risk of autism development in their children.