In recent years, numerous articles and studies containing scientific evidence have been published that many diseases involving the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with intestinal microbiota. There are two main pathways in some diseases related to the CNS: 1. Diseases with neurodegeneration (destruction in nerve cells being at the forefront): Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), dementia, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis (MS) 2. Diseases with neuroinflammation: neurodevelopmental disorders (Autism, schizophrenia), anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this group of diseases, approaches aimed at preventing neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration, which are the main mechanisms seen in the brain and microbiota regulation, should be the main principles.