In autism, there are imbalances in the amounts of signaling molecules in the brain, also known as neurotransmitters. Balancing the amounts of these signaling molecules; replacing deficiencies and reducing excess amounts to normal levels is important for brain functions; learning, memory, cognitive skills; perception-cognition, emotional states and controls, and behaviors; especially in terms of controlling problem behaviors and harmful behaviors seen in autism.

Many of the signaling molecules that are effective within the brain are produced by bacteria that are members of the gut microbiota. The following table describes which bacteria produce which brain signaling molecule and its functions in the brain.

Bacteria of Intestinal Microbiota	Produced signaling molecule (neurotransmitter)	Functions in the Brain
Lactobacillus Lactobacillus plantarum Bacillus spp.	Acetylcholine	Cognitive skills Emotional state Alertness Memory Motivation Attention and focus Personal care skills
Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium dentium, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantaru, Lactobacillus paracasei	GABA ( γ-Aminobutyric acid)	Fear control Anxiety Cognitive Functions Depression Control of Behavioral Problems
Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Brevibacterium flavum, Bacteroides vulgatus, Lactococcus lactis	Glutamate	Synaptic plasticity Motor functions Memory Learning
Akkermensia muchiniphila Streptococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. Escherichia spp.	Serotonin	Temperament regulation Learning Cognitive skills Memory Feeling good Happiness
Lactobacillus spp. Lactococcus spp. Bacillus spp. Streptococcus spp.	Dopamine	Nerve cell (neuron) protector Supporting motor skills Cognitive skills Reducing anxiety and stress Attention and Focus Motivation Supporting the ability to make decisions Rewarding
Escherichia spp., Bacillus spp.	Noraepinephrine	Mobility (hyperactivity control)

The maintenance of the balance of gut microbiota, which produces signal transmission molecules in the brain and is the main root cause of neuro-behavioral medical problems such as attention deficits and/or hyperactivity, behavioral disorders, harmful behaviors, and mood disorders seen in children with autism, is undoubtedly an effective part of neuropsychiatric, neuro-behavioral treatment.

 

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