MICROBIOTA GUT-BRAIN AXIS PATHWAYS

There is a two-way communication and interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain. To date, scientific research has identified four different pathways that mediate this interaction.

 1. Nerve-mediated pathway (neuronal pathway)

 2. Nerve-Hormone pathway (neuroendocrine pathway)

3. Metabolic pathwaw

 4. Immune pathway

When we look at what they say to each other and what types of commands they convey for various activities in the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, we see that: From the brain to the gut, commands are mostly autonomic, such as controlling gut movements and the valves in the digestive system. However, from the gut microbiota to the brain, extremely important commands related to the regulation of very high human functions and faculties (memory, learning, cognition, emotion, etc.) are conveyed.